Friday, September 7, 2018

Weekends with Dr Jagadish, episode 2: A snake bite to remember


I met Mr P at a function organized by a society of my community, to honor me in my home district. They claimed, I was one of the few from my community, who returned to work in India after working in Melbourne. Also my uncle was standing for elections in the society that year, so he actively went about organizing the function to subtly convey to the voting members, that he supports young achievers in the community. 

A certain Mr P was invited to be the MC (master of ceremony) in that function, he later told me he was felicitated by the same group earlier. Mr P has great command over English and his mastery has to be heard to be believed. He is an expert in languages. His PhD thesis was about a dialect in Naga language. Government of India approaches him for work related to North eastern languages. To top it all; he was a student of Prof U R AnanthaMoorthy. Yes, the same alleged rationalist who had claimed that he urinated on (his) village deity at night when no one was looking.  I was in my early thirties at that time and he was in late forties. When we spoke to each other we came to know that we stay in the same neighbourhood in the city. So we decided to keep in touch.

Our meetings were feared by Mrs P, let me call her Babhi. We used to be loud and argumentative. I never believed a word he said and used to make fun of Nehru, Gandhi and Socialism. He a true follower of AnanthaMoorthy used to give me back in kind. We still fondly remember the day Babhi came with a chapatti roller in hand and threatened us to stop fighting in such loud voice. She said: she was scared that the kids will think we were actually fighting (although I believe she was scared herself). We turned out to be great friends and still are, to my credit Mr P today has turned capitalist and agrees that “woke” phase of life should not last beyond adolescence.

This weekend article, is about his younger daughter S and her husband. S was a 16 yr old when I first met her. She was a bright student and went on to become an engineer in computer science. Like all CS engineers of early 2000, she moved to Amrika and started working in the Silicon Valley. It was here she met her John Doe. Mr P the liberal that he was did not oppose to their marriage. I used to occasionally rake up about S to tease him; by repeating his old dialogues about communism being a product of capitalist oppression blah blah...

Newly wed S and her husband Mr John Doe visited India and stayed in Mr P’s home. Me and my wife invited them home and had lunch together, discussing about life in US, harping about non availability of domestic help in the US, which is taken for granted here. Mr P and a friend of his had arranged for their visit to Madikeri and surrounding areas so they were off to Madikeri next day.

By 3 PM next day, my wife called me (I pick only her calls on my cell inside hospital) and told me to talk to Mr P, that he was calling me continuously and I had not replied his calls. I knew something was wrong, so I called Mr P immediately. He was almost crying and it took me awhile to understand that John had been bit by a snake and was not responding after first aid in Madikeri Govt Hospital. I knew Dr Ravi, an old student now a colleague who was working in Madikeri Govt hospital and called him immediately, he appraised me of the situation and told me snakebite was on right elbow and John was responding to painful stimulus. Dr Ravi had done all the necessary first aid. I requested Dr Ravi to accompany John and S to the hospital where I was working at that time.

It was 11 PM when they reached our casualty. I was waiting there after hand-holding Dr Ravi in managing the patient through the transit. John was awake but intubated and Dr Ravi was giving him artificial breaths using an ambu bag. He was able to manage a weak thumbs up sign when he saw me otherwise his muscle power was very poor. He was shifted immediately to the ICU, snakebite protocol started and put on artificial respiration through a machine called ventilator. He appeared to have stabilised for the night. I explained to Mr P and S that their presence will not help John and made them leave to their home.

Next day it appeared as if John had gone into a coma. His heart rate seemed to be fixed in a window of 50 to 60. He was not responding. His GCS was 3/15 with absolutely no response for even deep painful stimuli. His pupils were not reacting to light and not a muscle moved in his body. I was deeply worried, had no idea how to face S or Mr P but I had to do it. When I met them in the counseling room; S was crying hard and Mr P had tears in his eyes. I explained everything to them dispassionately (years of ICU practice has converted my heart into stone: says my wife) and gave them no guarantee about John’s recovery. Hope and prayer was the last resort, so I told them to pray. 

John’s condition did not improve the next day; my staff and junior doctors had already started susurrating behind me, I could perceive them make eye signs to each other. Sir “patient’s pupils are not reacting to light”; they informed me three times in the day as if I had not heard it the first time. I had my doubts too; I rummaged through all available data on snakebites and found one similar report by a doctor called Rallis. I emailed him and asked for his phone number. Dr Rallis a nice man, he called me back. I explained to him John’s condition. He asked me to stay put and continue the supports as long as John’s heart holds and if necessary support aggressively and last but not least: don’t worry about non reacting pupils.

After 3 agonizing days I got a call from ICU at around 2 AM. I thought John may have kicked the bucket; but to my merry, I was informed that John’s pupils had started reacting to light. I got ready and drove to hospital to check and was wonder-struck to see him, showing signs of life. It was pure ecstasy nay jouissance. Very few understand how a doctor feels when his almost dead patient comes back to life. I thanked Mahadeva Mallikarjuna Swamy for it.

Next day I allowed my next in-charge to explain the good news to S and Mr P while I observed his performance carefully. It had become my habit by then, to allow juniors give the good news while I personally discuss bad news with the patient relatives.

In the next 2 days John improved very fast and was off artificial respiration. S and John send me a card now every year for my birthday.

Doctors like myself carry the burden of a graveyard in our minds of all the patients we lost. Amidst the graveyard, we do remember these beautiful memories like a lost person in desert who comes across an oasis.


Dr Jagadish J Hiremut is a superspecialist medical doctor based out of Bangalore, a medical author, blogger, medical technology expert and is a proponent of Value Based Ethical Medical practice. He is Director for clinical services and Advanced Medical Technology in the home grown multinational medical equipment company Skanray Technologies Pvt Ltd. He is also CEO of ACE Embedded Intensive Care Units Pvt Ltd a company which runs outsourced Intensive Care Units for hospitals. You can follow him on twitter @Kaalateetham or mail to drjagadish10@gmail.com

Sunday, September 2, 2018

Weekends with Dr Jagadish: A beautiful child called Poovi


Dear friends, I will be writing to you every weekend on issues which are nice or important or maybe something which caught my eye or taught me a lesson.

In this episode, I shall write from one of my first experiences as a doctor in an ICU taking care of a child.

Eighteen summers ago as a freshly minted Doctor out of a university hospital, I joined a hospital to work in ICU. The concept of paediatric ICU was not so well developed in India then, whilst NICUs were ubiquitous. The children were invariably kept with adults in the ICU if they needed extra support beyond the ability of ward staff/facilities.

A child was brought to the ICU where I had just joined as ICU in-charge. The baby was little more than a year old and was suffering from severe breathlessness; the attending Paediatrician had diagnosed it as community acquired pneumonia and treating the baby as such. On admission we had put a small tube into the stomach of the baby and did a wash. The lavage screening later confirmed an organism called streptococcus pneumococci as the cause of pneumonia.

We used to allow an attendant to be with the baby in ICU if the baby/child was less than 4 year old, as we could not afford our nurses to babysit. Invariably with all babies we were accustomed to see the mother/grandmother of the child babysit in ICU. In this unusual case, it was not the mother but sister of child who took to the job of babysitting.

It was here I saw this beautiful little girl; she barely looked like a 10 year old. My first reaction on seeing the child was; why is this child inside ICU?  I was concerned about her contracting resistant nosocomial infection. I called for the nurse in charge, requested her to send the child outside and bring mother or someone else the baby is familiar to accompany him. At that moment, the girl spoke to me directly (the voice was sweet as any small kid’s voice would be) and said “Doctor uncle: please allow me to be with my brother, there is no one other than me here, amma is back in village, she has work to do”. I ignored her sweet voice, with the faux authority of a man in-charge and asked the nursing in-charge present there, to check for her dad or anyone else to be brought in, instead of her.

The nursing in-charge was a smart lady, she had already done it and told me that the girl was right and she was the only one available to baby sit the kid. I asked the nurse attending the child “can you manage the baby without her?” To this too, the nursing in-charge replied that the baby cries incessantly, if Poovi goes out. That was the first time I heard the child’s name. At that point, I went to attend to other patients, the ICU was full, I was new and had to impress the staff and the boss who paid my salary.

In the next eight days, I was greeted by the radiant smile of little Poovi whenever I entered ICU and I got used to it. She grew on me, my rounds in the ICU started with her smile and ended with a small chat to her. She became the raison d’etre for me spending extra time in ICU. In her own innocent way she told me about her alcoholic father, her hard working mother and how she (little Poovi) used to take care of her brother.

On ninth day myself and the paediatrician decided that the baby was better and can be shifted to ward, so little Poovi and her brother were sent to paediatric ward. The paediatric ward was in the far corner of the hospital which I seldom visited it as I did not like to be amongst crying babies; except that on this instance little smiling Poovi lured us (me and 2 other nursing staff) to visit her. I spent twenty rupees and got her a dairy milk chocolate, boy was she happy!  I remember telling the nursing staff on many occasions, that I had never seen such a beautiful child and mera nazar na lag jaye usko.

In the next four days the baby was discharged, an uncle of Poovi along with her mother took the children back to their village in Coorg, called as the Scotland of Karnataka. A month or so elapsed and our memory of the baby and Poovi were almost evanescing.

One morning at 5 AM, I was woken up by the nonstop ringing of my phone (landlines were the life savers of that time). I was asked to come and see a child immediately. Staying in the quarters given by the hospital, it was just a 3 minute walk to the casualty. I was shocked to see Poovi brought unconscious to casualty and her inconsolable mother. She was admitted to the same ICU where she used to welcome me with her beautiful smile. In the next 3 days her condition worsened and we lost the most courageous, caring and beautiful child to the dreaded pneumococcal meningitis.

I can never forget her smile or her love to her brother or her ability to adapt to the needs of her family; she has always made me wonder “are all girls born mothers”. It always brings me tears to even think that I was somehow responsible for the death of this beautiful child and I curse myself for allowing her to be with her brother in the ICU. Lesson learnt at a great irredeemable cost.

PS: This series "Weekend with Dr Jagadish" will be published in @indsamachar and as usual all my articles will appear on my personal blog.

Dr Jagadish J Hiremut is a superspecialist medical doctor based out of Bangalore, a medical author, blogger, medical technology expert and is a proponent of Value Based Ethical Medical practice. He is Director for clinical services and Advanced Medical Technology in the home grown multinational medical equipment company Skanray Technologies Pvt Ltd. He is also CEO of ACE Embedded Intensive Care Units Pvt Ltd a company which runs outsourced Intensive Care Units for hospitals. You can follow him on twitter @Kaalateetham or mail to drjagadish10@gmail.com

Friday, August 17, 2018

North Karnataka or Karu-Nadu: Forsaken rumpty part of Karnataka; An experience in the tyranny of Distance and Discrimination.


I was born in Bidar, the crown tip of Karnataka: with five rivers flowing through it; the Nanak Jhira, the birth place of Bhai Sahib Singh of Panj Pyare and with a significantly higher Sikh population compared to rest of Karnataka, Bidar is called Punjab of Karnataka. There ends the similarity. Bidar even today is amongst the most backward districts of Karnataka and none of the development indices (Human, Social, economic, educational & industrial) are comparable to developed districts of old Mysore region (OMR) of Karnataka.

Growing up the only constant in our lives and that of majority of people in North Karnataka was migration; in search of a better future. I was lucky as in one such village to which my family migrated (and my extended family has settled down even to this day); the school master noticed that I was good at math & had a good memory. He pushed my father to migrate to Bangalore for my education and everything changed after that.

Bangalore was manna to us; it gave us (and all those who migrated) opportunities which we did not have in our region due to geographical discrimination of North Karnataka by the powers that be in Bangalore probably due to the “tyranny of distance and discrimination”.

The question is: has the tyranny of discrimination against North Karnataka decreased and evanesced in the last 30+ years?

To eschew my own native bias arising out of past experience; I have tried to adopt modified composite factors of development; analysing HealthCare delivery, Education facilities, Employability after education, Employment availability, Industry & investment in infrastructure. I have steered clear from Human development indices as they take time to change albeit changes and improvement in quality of life are in place.
For proper assessment of typology of development, it is important to study not just the quantitative change in the last three decades in North Karnataka but also the qualitative aspects of development as revealed by the level of technology utilisation in everyday life by common man, Health and nutrition, Individual sanitation, Ease of living parameters like access to uninterrupted electricity, access to good roads and means of safe transportation versus their compatriots in old Mysore region (OMR).

Healthcare parameters 1,2,3,4,5,6:
Factors which interested us and which we sampled were:
    Number of people who are sick and need HealthCare support 1,2,3,11,12:

In OMR it was 95 to 98 per 1000 while in Northern Karnataka it was 95 to 102 per thousand. The problem area was Yadgir which did not have even a decent secondary centre and sick people had to go all the way to Kalburgi or Raichur even for something as common as assisted delivery in bad obstetric patients which is taken for granted in OMR of Karnataka. Doctors spoken to along with NSSO data of NITI ayog, reported more nutritional issues and geriatric issues in districts of North Karnataka versus reporting of the same from OMR. Almost 90% of people of North Karnataka have to move more than 100 Kms from their homes when anyone in the household requires tertiary care making whole households lose income while in the OMR region the comparative number was 57% 2.

2)    Out of pocket expenditure  1,9:

OMR being relatively developed the penetration of insurance, ESI and Public Funded Insurance Programs and other programs are significantly higher. Bidar, Gulbarga, Raichur, Yadgir, Chitradurga, Bellary, Koppal , Karwar, Chikkamagalur,  Bijapur have woefully worse penetration of individual/family insurance and also the comparative per capita reach of public funded insurance is bad due to ignorance about the same, among people. Upon sampling in both North Karnataka and OMR we found that nearly 40 to 60% of patients are in the verge of catastrophic poverty due to out of pocket healthcare expenses in the above mentioned districts of North Karnataka verses their compatriots in OMR. As per survey conducted by us with doctors and hospitals we found that, Individual/Family private insurance penetration was nearly 25% in OMR and nearly 40% in urban areas of Bangalore, Mysore & Mangalore compared to 0.6% in Yadgir, 1% in Koppal to 3% in Bellary. Need we say more?

3)    State expenditure in HealthCare 1,2,4,9:

Karnataka government at 3.8% of its aggregate expenditure spends the least for healthcare among all southern states of India. Even among this, the amount spent for healthcare facilities in the three districts of Bangalore, Mysore and Mangalore exceeds the combined expenditure in the rest of districts of the state. All the state owned tertiary centres in the state are concentrated in these three districts. Recent Addition of Jayadeva Hospital branches in Raichur are just ornamental as doctors and specialist staffs visit once a month to such centres. State needs to own up responsibility and open centres of excellence in healthcare in the districts parched for healthcare.

4)    Percentage of girls married before 18 yeras of age 4, 10:

We found this as a great marker of overall quality of life index. Families with access to remunerative employment, education & insurance invariably married their girl children late after educating them while those families which are poor looked at the girl child as a burden and married them early. Girls married early give birth to unhealthy kids; the family stayed less educated and poor with poor access to health services and government programs compared to girls married at the right age.
You will be surprised to know that nearly 35% of girls were married before they reach the age of 18 in all districts of North Karnataka. In OMR the same was between 6 (Mangalore & Bangalore urban) to 21% in different districts except Chamarajanagar which was 35%. This index alone is conclusive evidence of the tyranny of discrimination and continuous neglect which North Karnataka has faced till now.

Education 17:

Both the quality and number of educational institutions especially state owned institutions in North Karnataka are bad as compared to that in OMR. Bangalore with its IIM, IISc and various centres of excellence in education attracts talent and retains them as compared to say a Bijapur or Gulbarga. Government on its part has never made any attempt to bridge the gap in education resources for the people of North Karnataka proving the adage “tyranny of discrimination”.

Employment after Education 17:

In a survey conducted among private industry in Bangalore it was evident that a student who has studied in educational institutions of OMR has higher chances of employment as compared to someone who has studied in districts like Koppal, Bidar etc., with equivalent degree. Employment in Semiskilled & unskilled blue collar jobs does not subscribe to this discrimination.

Employment opportunities in North Karnataka 17:

In a survey conducted among family members, extended family members, their friends and families which included 316 youth, we found that 276 youngsters had moved to Bangalore for job, 6 to Mysore, 2 to Belgavi, 7 went abroad for further education, 8 to Mumbai, 13 to Chennai, 4 to Delhi to study for IAS. None of the youngsters stayed back in their native districts. This is a stark commentary on the state of affairs as far as employment opportunities are concerned. That places like Hubli, Belgavi themselves are suffering should be a wakeup call for the powers at Bangalore.

Industry and Investment 13,14,15,16,19,20,23,24:

Since this heading alone requires an expansive treatment and is beyond the scope of this article, I will try to summarise this heading in Industrial output. All the districts of North Karnataka give less than 1% of industrial output of OMR’s industrial output. Bangalore alone generates nearly 90 times the output of all north districts combined. This includes state and national PSU sector & private enterprises. IT & BT which have ministries under the government have near zero output outside of OMR. All the districts of North Karnataka can be classified as industrially backward. Some like Koppal, Yadgir and Bidar do not have any industry at all. State government appears least concerned about industrialisation of these areas.

Asset Index 7, 8:

As a proxy for wealth, we constructed an asset index using information about household characteristics including source of lighting, number of lights in a household, source of energy for cooking, source of drinking water and type of latrine along with multidimensional poverty indicators (MPI) taken from NSSO poverty survey 18.

Applying this Asset index to households across Karnataka we found that OMR households are nearly 3 times asset rich with better MPI data indicating better per capita expenditure, higher protein + calorie consumption and higher education levels compared to households of North Karnataka 17.

Some very broad sociodemographic and economic statistics of importance were considered too. We noted that there is significant 12 per cent increase in monthly per capita consumption expenditures of the households over the last 10 years even in districts of North Karnataka. There is also a big improvement in the literacy rates with a massive decline in the percentage of illiterate population from 42 per cent to 31.5 per cent over the last 10 years. Directly from a health viewpoint, it is also important to note that significantly more number of households gained access to latrines over this decade in India. This number is has risen sharply after 2014 when the Swachch Bharat Abhiyaan (Clean India Mission) was launched nationally. The other major development in this time frame has been the rapid expansion of health insurance in the country; hopefully Ayushman Bharat changes the dire state of healthcare in districts of North Karnataka. One common issue is lack of information. Many people are not aware of their coverage and how to benefit from insurance 9, 11, 12.

Whilst as noted above, good quantitative changes did take place in the last few decades in North Karnataka, however; when we did the typological assessment of development, we found OMR region is far ahead of districts of North Karnataka in factors like; use of technology in everyday life by common man, Health and nutrition, Individual sanitation, Ease of living parameters like access to uninterrupted electricity, access to good roads and means of safe transportation. These factors are easy to note and were picked up by common citizens too which has led to feeling of vexed indignation and resentment bordering rancour against the state government in them 17, 22.

The other most important issue which we noticed was the concentration of government departments, central and state PSUs in OMR. Starting from agriculture to industry to water & sanitation all are situated in Bangalore or OMR. The bureaucrats needs to be posted in areas where they are needed, what is the point of Karnataka water development board being situated in Bangalore when water is needed in arid areas of North Karnataka or why should Karnataka industry development board be in Bangalore and not relocated to say Koppal19 where industry needs to be developed? 99.9% of government offices, boards & PSUs are in OMR 21.

With the above analysis of available data, I conclude that North Karnataka faces severe discrimination even today after 30+ years of my family moving out of Bidar to Bangalore. The situation needs to be addressed immediately to stop further deterioration and stop an acrimonious battle for a separate state.

Dear politicians and bureaucrats of Karnataka, we are not interested in your centralised handout and welfare model distilled out of Vidhana soudha, what we want is better educational institutions, better jobs and increased industrial production at par with OMR in North Karnataka. We do not want to migrate to Bangalore or Mysore or Mangalore in search of opportunities, we want better opportunities in our place. Start by moving the government departments and bureaucrats to Koppal, Yadgir, Kalburgi, Bidar and other areas in the region where they are needed, do not keep them around Vidhana Soudha congesting Bangalore.
I pray the central and state governments to respect our sentiments, to put in extra effort and work to improve the quality of life of people of North Karnataka because Home is where heart is.

References:
3)    Distance to the nearest tertiary care centre as reported by government Doctors from different parts of Karnataka in a survey
7)    Census Handbooks of all districts of Karnataka state
11)                       http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/nss_rep574.pdf
13)                       https://www.karnataka.com/industry/about-industry/
15)                       https://www.karnataka.com/industry/
16)                       https://www.ibef.org/states/karnataka-presentation
17)                       Private survey done by author and his friends
18)                       http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/pov_rep0707.pdf
19)                       http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/62948/11/11_chapter%202.pdf  Page no 81, number of industrial sheds in Koppal is 4
21)                       http://web.worldbank.org/archive/website00819C/WEB/PDF/INDIA_-3.PDF
24)                       http://203.200.22.249:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12341/1/REGIONAL_DISPARITIES_AND_DEVELOPMENT_IN_INDIA.pdf Regional disparities especially in Karnataka by Hemalata Rao.
25)                       http://www.des.kar.nic.in/docs/Final%20ES_Eng_09.02.2018_MFinal.pdf Economic survey of Karnataka


Friday, February 2, 2018

ModiCare: A step towards the holy grail of Universal Health Coverage



Budget 2018: National Health Protection Scheme - A smart move towards Universal Health Coverage

In an earlier article on five strategies to wake up the moribund Indian Public Healthcare system 1, 4, the first strategy recommended by yours truly was to “declare health as a fundamental right and to provide universal Healthcare”.  The excerpts are as follows:

First Strategic Intervention – Comments And Suggestion Of The Author: 1
India is today a $2.3 trillion economy and growing, it is the right time for the government to go big, allocate 3 per cent or more of GDP for health, “declare health as a fundamental right” and provide – Universal Health Coverage (UHC). It is time to take charge and go for big audacious goals. Strong governments can pull through the impossible and achieve results beyond the bounds of human imagination due to collective efforts and the goodwill of people. This is actually Modi’s moment in history to seize and leave an indelible mark, more importantly; it is the right thing to do 1.
UHC, in its simplest definition means, access to quality, effective and affordable health services for all, without imposing financial burden. This can be achieved through various methods using government and private sector expertise and the costs borne by insurance premium paid by the government on behalf of citizens and other methods feasible. All citizens should be entitled to a comprehensive package of healthcare services, and have access to public health and accredited private facilities for attaining services such as diagnostics, medicine, vaccines or surgeries as an entitlement, without having to pay at the point of use 1.

Today the union Budget of 2018-19 took a major step towards Universal health Coverage albeit it did not declare Health as a fundamental right.

In the current Budget Government of India (GOI) has moved a step forward  towards providing Universal Health Coverage  under National Health Protection Scheme (NHPS), the GOI will provide health insurance worth Rs 5 lakh to 10 crore poor families across India, approximately covering  50 crore people out of 130 crore population with a program almost equal to Universal Health Coverage. It will be the largest government-funded health insurance scheme to be implemented anywhere in the world as per available numbers and statistics.

Under NHPS, as expected poor citizens of India, will get medical treatment in secondary and tertiary hospitals free of cost covered by GOI funded Health Insurance. This will be a boon to poor people as “out of pocket payment” was the single most common cause sudden emergent financial crisis among rural folk and urban poor of India 2. Each year, as per available data, more than 40 million people in India, mostly rural folk and urban poor are impoverished, get entangled in financial crisis and run into massive debts to access secondary/tertiary/quaternary care in India 3, 4. This flagship program although not universal, is still welcome.

As per available information, GOI in association with the states will pay a premium of Rs 1000 - 1200 to achieve a cover of Rs 5 lakhs per family per year. This year GOI has already committed Rs 4000 crores and may increase allocation if required.

In addition to the above, GOI will be setting up 1.5 lakh health and wellness centres or community healthcare clinics across India under Bharat Ayushman Programme. Under this plan, these 1.5 lakh health centres are a means to “bring healthcare closer home”, to provide healthcare support for non-communicable diseases, maternal and childcare services, along with free drugs and diagnosis. GOI is allotting Rs 1,200 crore for this programme and said it will ask private enterprises to join the programme as part of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. 

This flagship primary care program needs to be analysed with data available on Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) to understand how important this initiative is to nation and our healthcare policy. Successive governments had been asinine in their approach using fiscal prudence, not allocating adequate funds and policy importance to NCDs 4, 5, 6. NCDs along with accidents today account for nearly 52% of deaths and effectuate a loss of 6% to our GDP, as economically productive citizens die prematurely 4, 5. This program is trying to address the growing burden of NCDs and also will go a long way in reducing burden on our tertiary centres. Since drugs are made available free of cost, it will ensure compliance of patients and disease progression along with its complications is stalled 4. This will ensure better economic productivity of individuals and also better GDP numbers for the nation. This confirms to the second strategy recommended by yours truly - excerpts as below:

Second Strategic Intervention – Establishment Of National Drug Procurement Policy 1:
The “Jinx of 70”, it is well established that 70 per cent of healthcare expenses are due to cost of medicines. Right to health and universal health coverage cannot be achieved without access to affordable essential drugs on a regular and viable basis. Millions of Indians could access better care, if government decides to procure generic medicines in bulk and distribute them free of cost at public health facilities. The government should establish a national drug procurement and disbursal policy with mandate to procure and provide generic medicine, surgical implants, stents, devices, suture goods etc..., to all public and private institutions participating in UHC across the country. Distribution of free medicines and treatment accessories through public healthcare systems helps increase citizens trust in our public healthcare system and in the government of the day 1.

Although Bharat Ayushman Programme does not completely address, much required Drug policy; it along with Jan Aushadhi Scheme should be able to complement NHPS to move closer towards the sought after goal of Universal Health Coverage.

Bharat Ayushman Programme is also in sync with a part of recommended fourth Strategy where Primary care and prevention is accorded more importance than say for tertiary care with curative bias. Excerpts:

Fourth Strategic Intervention – Focus On Impact Areas In Healthcare:
Availability and accessibility of primary care in the time and place of need especially rural areas leaves an impact, it also allows the person to suffer minimum in terms of illness and also economic losses.

Allotting Rs 600 crore at the rate of Rs 500 for every TB patient every month, to provide nutritional support displays the sincere thought process of GOI in trying to reduce disease burden on its citizens. TB is notoriously difficult disease to cure and especially so when nutritional status of patient is bad.
Government of India, has committed itself to open 24 new medical colleges including upgrading a few existing colleges and ensure there is at least one government medical college in every state. This again confirms to recommendations from another article of mine regarding medical education and regulation of practice 10.

Overall, this budget of 2018-19 is clearly path-breaking for sheer size, coverage and amount committed per family almost embracing the holy grail of Universal Health Coverage. This along with other measures (like guaranteed minimum income to be rolled out by some states 7, 8, 9) ushers India firmly in the next generation of social security as India moves aggressively from a progressive developing economy to a developed economy.

References
1)      Five Strategic Interventions Modi Can Make To Give India A Far, Far Better Healthcare System https://swarajyamag.com/ideas/five-strategic-interventions-modi-can-make-to-give-india-a-far-far-better-healthcare-system

2)      Trends in catastrophic health expenditure in India: 1993 to 2014 http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/96/1/17-191759/en/


3)      Marten R, McIntyre D, Travassos C, Shishkin S, Longde W, Reddy et al. An assessment of progress towards universal health coverage in Brazil, Russia, India, China & South Africa (BRICS). Lancet 2014; 384: 2164-71).

4)      India’s Public Healthcare System Needs Urgent Overhaul: Are Those In Authority Listening? https://swarajyamag.com/ideas/indias-public-healthcare-system-needs-urgent-overhaul-are-those-in-authority-listening


5)      WHO country cooperation strategy at a glance India – 2013:  http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_ind_en.pdf

6)      Burden of NCDs policies and programmes for prevention and control of NCDs in India. Indian J Community Medicine 2011; 36 (suppl 1): S7-12).